Understanding Colors-理解色彩

Understanding Colors-理解色彩

翻译：层层（本站翻译小组成员）

原文:http://www.blenderguru.com/

相关视频下载链接:https://www.aboutcg.com/17571.html

When used correctly, color can change the mood of the image, or impact the story. It can also draw the viewers eyes to a focal element.

In the image below, color is used effectively to focus your attention on the tube. And the controlled color palette also helps keep the image calm.

如果运用得当，色彩不但可以影响一幅作品传达的情绪或表述的故事，也可以让观者的视线集中于某一元素。

下面的这幅作品，颜色的有效运用使你的注意力集中在管子上，而颜色的搭配使得画面沉静安定。

Courtesy of Cornelius Dämmrich

Color is used effectively in this image to keep the mood playful and light:

颜色的合理搭配使得这幅作品的情感轻松明快：

Courtesy of Anders Ehrenborg and Bill Presing

Saturation and Value

饱和度和明度

A lot of people think Colors are all about harmonious relationships. But Saturation and Value are equally as important, if not more so.

Without a clear understand of what saturation and value is, and why it’s important, no color scheme will ever help you.

Saturation is about intensity, and Value about Brightness/Darkness.

很多人认为颜色只要搭配和谐就万事俱备了。但是饱和度和明度也同样重要。如果不明白它们的重要性，那些颜色方案就帮不到你。

饱和度是色调的强弱，而明度则关乎明暗。

At 20% saturation, red turns into a fleshy pink.

饱和度为20%的红色就变为肉粉色。

And at 20% value, red becomes a dark muddy brown.

明度为20%的红色则变为深土褐色。

In fact just using the color red as a starting point, you can create these shades simply by changing the saturation and value:

事实上，将红色作为起点，我们只需要改变饱和度和明度，就可以创造出下面这些渐变色。

“Yeah, but why is this important?”

“是的呢，但是这有什么重要？”

Because Saturation and Value can make or break your image.

因为饱和度和明度可以成就一幅作品，也可以毁掉一幅作品。

The biggest problem I see with CG renders is oversaturation:

在CG图像的渲染中，我认为最大的问题就是饱和度过高：

Example of an overly saturated scene

一个饱和度过高的场景的例子

By forcing strong saturated colors on the viewer, you give them no where for their eyes to rest. Just like you never go full retard, you should never go full saturation.

给观者看饱和度过高的图像，他们会不知道看哪里好。

Here’s a much better level:

这幅作品更高一筹：

Corrected scene

校正后的场景

Not to say that saturation is bad though. In fact it can be excellent when used in moderation:

不是说饱和度不好，事实上，适当的使用可以得到非常好的效果：

Maxfield Parrish – Salzkarawane am toten meer (from ArtRenewal.org)

The striking red mountains catch your eye immediately. Doing so makes it the focal element of the entire image.

醒目的红色山峦迅速抓住你的眼球，这样的安排使其成为整幅作品的焦点。

In this image, a single note of saturation helps to guide your eyes through the scene:

这幅作品中，增加一点饱和度，使你注意到远景：

Giuseppe de Nittis – The place de carrousel and the ruins of the tuileries palace in 1882 (from ArtRenewal.org)

And in this image, saturation is used to make Jesus look powerful amongst a group desaturated onlookers.

这幅作品中，高饱和度使得耶稣在一群低饱和度的旁观者中凸显力量。

John Singleton Copley – The tribute money (from ArtRenewal.org)

Saturation can even alter your mood. At the start of Pixar’s UP, the colors are vibrant and alive to signify their joyous life. But when tragedy strikes, the colors are immediately desaturated.

饱和度还能更换你的情绪。在皮克斯出品的《飞屋环游记》开篇，色彩生动活泼，预示着他们的幸福生活。但是当不幸降临，色彩迅速转为低饱和度。

This simple touch of desaturation makes the viewer feel the pain and loneliness of the characters. It’s used extensively in hollywood and first-person shooters.

低饱和度的运用使观众对角色的痛苦孤独感同身受。这一方法广泛应用于好莱坞和第一人称射击游戏中。

For cartoons, saturated bright colors can play to the artists advantage, as it immediately tells the viewer that this is fake:

对于动画，鲜亮的颜色更能发挥艺术家的优势，因为他让观众很快看出这是制作出来的：

Courtesy of Anders Ehrenborg and Chris Sanders

So as you can see, learning how to use Saturation and Value effectively can vastly help tell your story.

With that out of the way, we can finally get into…

所以，学会使用饱和度和明度可以更好地帮你讲故事。

从而，我们可以得到。。。

Color Harmonies (aka Color Schemes)

颜色调和（又名配色方案）

Everyone knows that some colors look better together than others, but it can get confusing if you try to remember which ones.

Here are 6 of the most effective Color Harmonies…

大家都知道，某些颜色组合会比其它的好看，但是你要想一一记住又容易混淆。

下面有六种最有效的配色方案：

Monochromatic

单色

This one is the easiest to remember, because it’s just one color.

Due to the absence of other colors, the viewer is left to focus on the differing values and saturation. Making it great for single subject shots or dramatic atmospheric scenes.

这种最容易记住，因为只有一种颜色。

由于没有其他颜色，观者就会把注意力放在明度和饱和度上。这适用于单一物体的镜头或者气势恢宏的大场景。

Examples:

例如：

Hermann David S. Corrodi – The ambush (from ArtRenewal.org)

Courtesy of David Munoz Velazquez and Fran Camos

Analogous

近似色

Analogous harmonies use colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel.

It’s frequently seen in nature, making it great for creating a calm, comfortable and peaceful mood.

近似色就是使用色轮上相邻的颜色。

这在大自然中经常见到，适合表达沉静、舒适、平静的情绪。

Examples:

例如：

Created by Giovanni Boldini – Portrait of madame E L Doyen (from ArtRenewal.org)

Courtesy of Carlos Ortega Elizalde

Triadic

三色

This one is probably one of the hardest to pull off well. It’s three colors that are equally distant to each other.

It’s hard to do, because if used in equal amounts it can create ugly chaos.

It’s best used for cartoon style scenes since the colors can look almost childish.

这可能是最难表现的色彩方案中的一种。三种颜色的间距是相等的。

它之所以难把握是因为如果平均分配这三种颜色就会一团糟。

这种方案最好应用于卡通风格的场景，因为这些颜色看起来会孩子气。

Carl Heinrich Bloch – Casting out the money changers (from ArtRenewal.org)

Courtesy of Ehsan Hassani Moghaddam

Complimentary

互补色

This one is definitely the most popular: colors on opposing sides of the wheel. They just naturally go well together.

A common misconception is to use equal amounts of each, but this will more than likely create ugliness. You want to choose one color as the predominant one (usually the cooler color) and use the other to create splashes of interest. Use lots of browns and greys for a better effect.

这无疑是最流行的配色方案：颜色在色轮两端。它们自然而然可以很好地搭配在一起。

一个普遍的错误概念是运用两种颜色的比重相同，但是这样多半会很难看。你需要选择一种颜色作为主色（通常选择冷色）并用另一种颜色添加亮点。再加上很多棕色和灰色来达到更好的效果。

Examples:

例如：

Frank Dicksee- Chivalry (from ArtRenewal.org)

Courtesy of Cornelius Dämmrich

Courtesy of Toni Bratincevic

Courtesy of Jean-Michel Bihorel

Courtesy of Cornelius Dämmrich

Courtesy of Baolong Zhang

Complementary colors accentuate each other. Meaning that a dull green against a red background, will suddenly look more saturated. So be careful of the saturation.

互补色会互相强调。就是说暗绿色衬在红色背景上，会显得饱和度更高。所以一定要注意饱和度的控制。

Split Complimentary

分裂互补

Similar to the complimentary harmony, this involves taking one opposite color and splitting it. This is useful for extending your palette (when two colors aren’t enough), or to create a more joyous mood.

类似于互补配色方案，这种方案将其中一种相对的颜色分裂成两个。这有助于丰富你的色盘（当两种颜色不够的时候），或者表达更愉悦的情绪。

Examples:

例如：

Eugene Bidau – A Peacock and doves in a Garden (from ArtRenewal.org)

Courtesy of Jaroslaw Waskowiak

Courtesy of Daniil Alikov

Courtesy of Carlos Ortega Elizalde

Courtesy of Anthony Guebels

Courtesy of Anders Ehrenborg and Bill Presing

Double complimentary

双互补

Just like the complimentary harmony, only double. Two pairs of complimentary colors (doesn’t matter where on the wheel).

You have to be careful with this one as using equal amounts of all four will create chaos. It looks best when the foreground is one pair, and the background is another. Mixing the pairs can get tricky.

类似于互补方案，只不过有两组互补色（无所谓在色轮的什么位置）。

你需要小心使用这种方案，因为等量使用四种颜色会一团糟。前景一组互补色，背景一组互补色会更好。打乱组合会很棘手。

Examples:

例如：